Lutein

Lutein is the carotenoid your body concentrates in the macula, the small central patch of retina responsible for sharp, detailed sight. It is studied for its role in filtering high-energy blue light and supporting visual performance in demanding conditions.

Zeaxanthin

Zeaxanthin sits alongside lutein at the very centre of the macula. The two are almost always studied together, and research looks at their combined role in supporting contrast sensitivity and comfortable adjustment to glare.

Bilberry (Fruit) Extract

Bilberry has a long history of traditional use for night vision, and its anthocyanins are among the most researched plant compounds in eye health. They are studied for their antioxidant role and their contribution to healthy microcirculation.

Alpha-Lipoic Acid

Alpha-lipoic acid is unusual among antioxidants: it works in both water-based and fat-based tissue, and is studied for its role in regenerating other antioxidants — vitamins C and E among them — after they have done their work.

Eyebright (Aerial Part)

Named for the use it has been put to for centuries, eyebright is a traditional European herb for tired, irritated eyes. It carries flavonoids and iridoid glycosides studied for their soothing and antioxidant role.

Quercetin & Rutin

Two flavonoids from Japanese sophora — quercetin from the bud, rutin from the flower. Both are studied for their role in supporting the integrity of small blood vessels, including the fine capillary network that feeds the retina.

Taurine

Taurine is the most abundant free amino acid in the retina, and the tissue holds it in concentrations found almost nowhere else in the body. Research looks at its role in photoreceptor maintenance and osmotic balance.

Grape (Seed) Extract

Grape seed is a concentrated source of proanthocyanidins, studied for their antioxidant role and their contribution to healthy circulation — including the microcirculation the eye depends on.

Lycopene

The carotenoid that gives tomatoes their colour. It is one of the most efficient singlet-oxygen quenchers among the carotenoids, and is studied for its contribution to protecting cells from oxidative stress.

Vitamin A (as Beta-Carotene)

Vitamin A contributes to the maintenance of normal vision — one of the few claims for which the evidence is settled. It is the raw material for rhodopsin, the pigment your eyes rely on when the light drops.

Vitamin C & Vitamin E

The fluid inside your eye holds one of the highest concentrations of vitamin C in the body, and the retina is among the most lipid-rich tissue there is — vitamin E's territory. Both contribute to the protection of cells from oxidative stress.

Zinc & Copper

Zinc contributes to the maintenance of normal vision and helps carry vitamin A from the liver to the retina. Copper is here for balance: sustained zinc intake competes with copper absorption, so the two belong in the same formula.

Selenium

Selenium contributes to the protection of cells from oxidative stress and to the normal function of the immune system, working as part of the enzyme systems that keep antioxidant defences running.

B-Vitamin Complex

Thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B12 and biotin. Riboflavin and niacin contribute to the maintenance of normal vision; the group as a whole contributes to normal energy-yielding metabolism and to the reduction of tiredness and fatigue.

Magnesium & Chromium

Magnesium contributes to normal muscle function — including the tiny muscles that hold your focus — and to the reduction of tiredness. Chromium contributes to the maintenance of normal blood glucose levels.